Chemical reactions is the process that results in the changing or transforming of one set of chemical substances to another. There are a multitude of different types of reactions which can lead to the production of many different and unique products. These many different types of reactions are studied by chemists all over the world. The reason for their study is to not only develop new products, but also to be able to reproduce the same results as in the past to produce the exact same product. This is why all types of reactions are painstakingly monitored and precisely recorded through out every step of the process. Some types of chemical reactions require for no input of any outside energy, these types are known as spontaneous, or they can be nonspontaneous which require the input of energy such as heat, light or electricity.
The substance or substances that initially participate in all types of chemical reactions are known as reactants. Reactants are also known as reagents and they substances or compounds that are consumed in the process of a chemical reaction. Any type of chemical reactions is classified in regards to the chemical changes that take place. These changes make it possible for there to be more then one product being created. The make up of the end result products most often will not have the same properties as the reactants.
Another type of reaction that takes place is called an organic reaction. These are simply chemical reactions that use organic compounds in the reaction process. There are several basic types of organic reactions including, addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and redox reactions.
Addition reactions in organic chemistry are an organic reaction where by two or more molecules combine to create a larger molecule. They can be polar addition reactions and nonpolar addition reactions. The two main categories of the polar addition reactions are the electrophilic reaction and the nucleophilic addition reaction. The main type of a nonpolar addition reaction is the free radical addition. No matter what type of addition reactions take place; they all need to react with chemical compounds that have multiple-bonded atoms.
Another type of reaction is called the elimination reaction. This is where two substituents are taken away from a molecule in a one or two step mechanism. In most organic elimination reactions the unsaturation of the molecule either increases, or the valence of an atom in the molecule decreases by two, also called a reductive elimination. Elimination reactions that involve alkyl halides or alkanes in general, those also have good leaving groups, form an alkene by reacting with a Lewis base. This is the reverse of an addition reaction. In a substitution reaction, the chemical compound is replaced by another functional group. Two of the most important examples of these types of reactions are the electrophilic and the nucleophilic substitution reactions. These substitutions reactions are categorized in many main organic reaction types. This is dependent on whether the reagent that brings about the substitutions is classed as an electrophile or a nucleophile reaction.
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